Al-Azhar University, Faculty of Science (Boys)Al-Azhar Bulletin of Science1110-253522Issue 1-C20110601REPORT ON STATE OF ATRESIA IN THE OVARIES OF SOME MEDITERRANEAN SEA FISHES FROM THE EGYPTIAN COAST112703210.21608/absb.2011.7032ENH. M.KHALAF ALLAHMarine Biology and Fishes Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, EgyptS. M.SHEHATAMarine Biology and Fishes Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20110211<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;">Some common forms of atresia were observed </span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: small;">in the ovaries of </span></span><span style="font-size: small;">striped sea bream, </span><span style="font-size: small;"><em>Lithognathus mormyrus</em></span><span style="font-size: small;">, spiny cheeked grunter, </span><span style="font-size: small;"><em>Terapon puta </em></span><span style="font-size: small;">and bogue, </span><span style="font-size: small;"><em>Boops boops</em></span><span style="font-size: small;"> obtained from Abu Qir Bay, Alexandria. The ovarian atresia was recognized by batches of clear brownish fluid beneath the ovarian epithelium and the oocytes appear reddish in colour. The present study showed that, the ovarian atresia increases with the increasing the maturity stages and length of spawning season. T</span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: small;">he percentages of ovarian atresia was marked higher in</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><em> L. mormyrus</em></span><span style="font-size: small;"> and middle</span><span style="font-size: small;">in</span><span style="font-size: small;"><em> T. puta </em></span><span style="font-size: small;">which characterized by long spawning season. T</span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: small;">he percentage of ovarian atresia was lower in</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><em>B. boops</em></span><span style="font-size: small;"> which characterized by short spawning season. Histological examination of ovaries of </span><span style="font-size: small;"><em>L. mormyrus</em></span><span style="font-size: small;">, </span><span style="font-size: small;"><em>T. puta </em></span><span style="font-size: small;">and </span><span style="font-size: small;"><em>B. boops</em></span><span style="font-size: small;"> indicated that, the presence of atretic oocytes (oocyte retention) as a non natural phenomenon in the first maturity stages and natural in the last maturity one. Atretic oocytes may be classified into two main types: nonbursting and bursting. Capsulated atresia, lipoidal atresia and cystic atresia are belonging to the first type. Multiple bursts, single bursts and liquified bursts are of common phases in the second one. Finally, all forms of atretic oocytes degenerated and disappeared in the stroma.</span></span>https://absb.journals.ekb.eg/article_7032_40e9e952bae6532ee07722d42bb05a95.pdfAl-Azhar University, Faculty of Science (Boys)Al-Azhar Bulletin of Science1110-253522Issue 1-C20110601EFFECT OF HABITAT DIFFERENCE, SALT-LOADING AND DEHYDRATION ON THE KIDNEY ULTRA STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF TWO SPECIES OF FOXES INHABITING TOW DIFFERENT HABITATS.1336703310.21608/absb.2011.7033ENMAHMOUD M.SALEMZoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University,Nasser City, Cairo, EgyptMOHAMMAD I.BASUONYZoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University,Nasser City, Cairo, EgyptMAHMOUD A.AL-KASSASZoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University,Nasser City, Cairo, EgyptMAHMOUD I.YOUNESJournal Article20110101<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;">Eeffect of different habitat, salt-loading and dehydration on the kidney ultrastructure and function of Red Fox </span><span style="font-size: small;"><em>Vulpes vulpes</em></span><span style="font-size: small;"> and Fennec Fox </span><span style="font-size: small;"><em>Vulpes zerda</em></span><span style="font-size: small;"> are investigated. Red Fox are found in wet habitat, however, Fennec Fox in sand dune habitat of arid areas in desert. Transmission electron micrograph of glomerulus, proximal and distal convoluted tubules are investigated, Blood urea, serum creatinine, and uric acid of the two fox species are done. These investigations are carried out on normal, salt-loaded and dehydrated individuals of the two species. </span></span><br /> <span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;">Glomerulus revealed normal structure with red blood corpuscles within glomerular capillary, endothelial cells, podocytes and podocyte pedicels. In salt-loading and dehydrating</span><span style="font-size: small;"><em> Vulpes vulpes</em></span><span style="font-size: small;"> and </span><span style="font-size: small;"><em>Vulpes zerda</em></span><span style="font-size: small;"> normal glomerular structure are found except degraded podocyte pedicels. </span></span><br /> <span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;">Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) in normal </span><span style="font-size: small;"><em>Vulpes vulpes </em></span><span style="font-size: small;">with brush border, plasmalemma, mitochondria and lysosomes are normally found. In salt-loaded animals large number of vacuoles, mitochondria and lysosomes, but in dehydrating ones brush border fragmentation takes place as well as large number of vacuoles, mitochondria and lysosomes. In normal </span><span style="font-size: small;"><em>Vulpes zerda </em></span><span style="font-size: small;">small number of vacuolation, mitochondria and lysosomes are found. In salt-loading and dehydrating animals large number of vacuoles, mitochondria and lysosomes are found.</span></span><br /> <span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;">Distal convoluted tubule (DCT) in normal </span><span style="font-size: small;"><em>Vulpes vulpes </em></span><span style="font-size: small;">has large lumen. In salt-loaded animals DCT was found having very narrow lumen and in dehydrating ones DCT with narrow lumen , large number of mitochondria and lysosomes are present.</span><span style="font-size: small;">In normal </span><span style="font-size: small;"><em>Vulpes zerda</em></span><span style="font-size: small;"> the DCTwith large lumen, mitochondria and lysosomes. In salt-loaded animals wide lumen, large number of vacuoles, mitochondria and lysosomes are present and in dehydrating ones DCT with very narrow lumen and large intercellular space is present.</span></span><br /> <span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;">The biochemical analysis revealed significant increase (p < 0.05) in serum uric acid of investigated fox species by the effect of salt loading. Serum urea concentration decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in salt-loading </span><span style="font-size: small;"><em>Vulpes</em></span><span style="font-size: small;"><em>vulpes</em></span><span style="font-size: small;"> put significantly increased (p < 0.05) in </span><span style="font-size: small;"><em>Vulpes zerda</em></span><span style="font-size: small;">, however, the serum creatinine of </span><span style="font-size: small;"><em>Vulpes zerda</em></span><span style="font-size: small;"> was found decreased, it is increased but insignificantly in the blood serum of </span><span style="font-size: small;"><em>Vulpes vulpes</em></span><span style="font-size: small;">. Also, in the dehydrating animals both uric acid and creatinine are significantly increased (p < 0.05) in the serum, whereas, the concentration of serum urea decreased in </span><span style="font-size: small;"><em>Vulpes vulpes</em></span><span style="font-size: small;"> and increased in </span><span style="font-size: small;"><em>Vulpes zerda</em></span><span style="font-size: small;">.</span></span><br /> <span style="font-size: small;">Results show marked variations in kidney ultra structure and function of the studied species as the result of different habitat type and in response to dehydration and salt loading </span><br /> <span style="font-size: small;">Kidney function; ultrastructure; foxes; habitat; dehydration; salt loading </span>https://absb.journals.ekb.eg/article_7033_5db5675de2bf779d80cfcdfa32554f86.pdfAl-Azhar University, Faculty of Science (Boys)Al-Azhar Bulletin of Science1110-253522Issue 1-C20110601LARVICIDAL AND REPELLENT EFFECT OF LEAF AND STEM EXTRACTS FROM CESTRUM NOCTURNUM (SOLANACEAE) AGAINST CULEX PIPIENS L. (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE)3756703410.21608/absb.2011.7034ENMOSTAFA I.HASSANDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science(boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.TAREK M.EL-SHEIKHDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science(boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.MOUNEER S.AMERDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science(boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.WALAA A.MOSELHYDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science(girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.AHMED Z.SHEHATADepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science(boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20110204<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;">The larvicidal and repellent effects of the crude ethanol and acetone leaf and stem extracts of the widely grown plant, </span><span style="font-size: small;"><em>Cestrum nocturnum</em></span><span style="font-size: small;">, against </span><span style="font-size: small;"><em>Culex pipiens </em></span><span style="font-size: small;">3</span><sup><span style="font-size: small;">rd</span></sup><span style="font-size: small;"> instar</span><span style="font-size: small;">larvae and adults were evaluated. Ethanolic leaves extract was found to be the most effective against the larvae, with LC</span><sub><span style="font-size: small;">50</span></sub><span style="font-size: small;"> value of 377.1ppm followed by acetone leaves and stems extracts with LC</span><sub><span style="font-size: small;">50</span></sub><span style="font-size: small;"> values of 484.2 and 994.0ppm; respectively and finally ethanolic leaves extract with LC</span><sub><span style="font-size: small;">50</span></sub><span style="font-size: small;"> value of 1043.8ppm. The plant extracts tested reduced the percentages of pupation and adult emergence. Also, varying degrees of morphogenic abnormalities in immature and adult stages were observed. Moreover, the acetone stem extract showed a highly delayed toxic effect on pupae resulted from the treated larvae, where the pupal mortality % was 100% at all concentrations used. All concentrations of plant extracts used in the present study exhibited a repellent activity against the adult mosquitoes. The repellent action of the plant extracts tested was varied depending on plant part, solvent and the dose of the extract. Because of the high larvicidal and pupicidal potential of plant extracts tested, they can be used as effective alternatives to the existing synthetic pesticides for the control of </span><span style="font-size: small;"><em>Culex pipiens.</em></span></span>https://absb.journals.ekb.eg/article_7034_d99fc77634a5210e38b4bbc4c0e46c42.pdfAl-Azhar University, Faculty of Science (Boys)Al-Azhar Bulletin of Science1110-253522Issue 1-C20110601EVALUATION OF SOME GROWTH FACTORS AS BIOMARKERS IN PATIENTS WITH PRIMARY AND METASTATIC LIVER CANCER5768703510.21608/absb.2011.7035ENALI M.BAKRBiochemistry Department, Faculty of Oral & Dental Medicine, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt.MOTAWA E.EL HOUSSEINIBiochemistry Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.MOHAMED O.REFAIELaboratory of Biomedical Analysis, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.MOHAMED A.BASHANDYZoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20110102<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;">Additional novel serum markers are still needed in case of malignancies such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), not only for diagnosis but also for prognosis, evaluation and follow-up of the patients. Growth factors thought to be involved in the growth of both primary and metastatic malignancies such as liver cancers include transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-α), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate their diagnostic significance as biomarkers of primary and metastatic liver cancer, their serum levels were determined by ELISA in 25 healthy persons, 25 patients with primary liver cancer and 25 patients with metastatic liver cancer. This study revealed that the serum levels of TGF-α, TGF-β1 and VEGF were significantly high (p < 0.001) in patients with primary liver cancer compared to control group. Moreover, their serum levels were much significantly higher (p < 0.001) in patients with metastatic liver cancer compared to the primary liver cancer group. These results suggest that serum levels of TGF-α, TGF-β1 and VEGF might be valuable biomarkers to predict primary cancers such as liver cancer and for predicting metastasis, as their serum levels are markedly elevated in patients with primary and metastatic malignancy. </span></span>https://absb.journals.ekb.eg/article_7035_1b11f4d4aa015b17664ae41a426b5c79.pdfAl-Azhar University, Faculty of Science (Boys)Al-Azhar Bulletin of Science1110-253522Issue 1-C20110601HISTOPATHOLOGICAL EFFECT OF CERTAIN HEAVY METALS ON THE MOSQUITO VECTOR CULEX PIPIENS L. (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE)6984703610.21608/absb.2011.7036ENMOHAMAD A.FOUDADepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science (boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.MOSTAFA I.HASSANDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science (boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.TAREK M.EL-SHEIKHDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science (boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.ABD-ELHAMED A.ABD-ELGHAPHARDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science (boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.AHMED I.HASABALLAHDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science (boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20110102<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;">In the laboratory, histopathological effects of heavy metals in the form of cadmium chloride, copper sulphate, lead nitrate and mercuric nitrate were tested against the adults resulted from the 2</span><sup><span style="font-size: small;">nd</span></sup><span style="font-size: small;"> larval instar of</span><span style="font-size: small;"><em> C. pipiens</em></span><span style="font-size: small;"> treatment with the LC</span><sub><span style="font-size: small;">50s</span></sub><span style="font-size: small;"> (</span><span style="font-size: small;">0.11, 5.1, 45.4 and 0.44ppm </span><span style="font-size: small;">) to study their effect on certain histological organs</span><span style="font-size: small;">such as ovary, testis and fat body. The histological examinations of ovaries in heavy metals-treated </span><span style="font-size: small;"><em>C. pipiens</em></span><span style="font-size: small;"> females showed a reduction in the number of developed oocytes and degeneration of a great number of oocytes. The highest reduction and damage were induced by Cd and Hg. The present study also showed damage and reduction in spermatogonia and spermatocytes in heavy metals-treated </span><span style="font-size: small;"><em>C. pipiens</em></span><span style="font-size: small;"> males. The highest reduction and abnormality were caused by Cd and Hg. In addition, the present study showed alteration and abnormality of fat body in heavy metals-treated mosquitoes.</span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en">It is clear from the results obtained in this study that the presence of such elements in the ecosystem water for </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en"><em>Culex</em></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en"> mosquitoes as possible to contribute to the reduction of mosquito breeding.</span></span></span>https://absb.journals.ekb.eg/article_7036_405a0b9e75efece70abecd1d8d98f2da.pdfAl-Azhar University, Faculty of Science (Boys)Al-Azhar Bulletin of Science1110-253522Issue 1-C20110601STUDIES ON THE LEAF MINER, LIRIOMYZA TRIFOLII (Burgess) AND ITS PARASITOID Diglyphus isaea (Walker) ON COMMON BEAN PLANTS8592712710.21608/absb.2011.7127ENNEAMA A.ABD EL-HAMIDBotany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of science, Azhar University (girls campus), Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20110804<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;">This study was conducted during 2009 and 2010 seasons in Giza governorate in order to estimate the population abundance</span><span style="font-size: small;">of major pest </span><span style="font-size: small;"><em>Liriomyza trifolii</em></span><span style="font-size: small;"> of the common bean plants (</span><span style="font-size: small;"><em>Phaseolus vulgaris</em></span><span style="font-size: small;"> L.), (Burgess). The percentage of parasitism by </span><span style="font-size: small;"><em>Diglyphus isaea</em></span><span style="font-size: small;"> (Walker) was also investigated. The population of pest larvae differed during the period of investigation and reached its maximum level on November 28</span><sup><span style="font-size: small;">th</span></sup><span style="font-size: small;"> (62.5 Larvae/20 leaves) and on November 20</span><sup><span style="font-size: small;">th </span></sup><span style="font-size: small;">(24.8 larvae/20 leaves)</span><span style="font-size: small;"><em>,</em></span><span style="font-size: small;"> during 2009 and 2010 seasons respectively. The percentage of parasitism by </span><span style="font-size: small;"><em>Diglyphus isaea</em></span><span style="font-size: small;"> (Walker). reached its maximum on November 21</span><sup><span style="font-size: small;">st</span></sup><span style="font-size: small;"> (21.8%) and on November 13</span><sup><span style="font-size: small;">th</span></sup><span style="font-size: small;"> (21.6%) during 2009 and 2010 seasons, respectively.</span></span>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;">Concerning the overall mean of parasitism by </span><span style="font-size: small;"><em>D. isaea </em></span><span style="font-size: small;">on </span><span style="font-size: small;"><em>L. trifolii </em></span><span style="font-size: small;">values</span><span style="font-size: small;">were 9.1 and 11.8%, during 2009 and 2010 seasons, respectively. It can be stated that, this parasitoid plays a natural role for controlling this insect pest.</span></span>https://absb.journals.ekb.eg/article_7127_49bbdba2115e09d9993daba0cee5b54b.pdfAl-Azhar University, Faculty of Science (Boys)Al-Azhar Bulletin of Science1110-253522Issue 1-C20110601ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF THE HERPETOFAUNA OF EL OMAYED PROTECTED AREA, EGYPT93115713010.21608/absb.2011.7130ENSAMY A.SABERZoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al Azhar University, Assiut, EgyptMOSTAFA F.MASOODZoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al Azhar University, Assiut, EgyptJournal Article20110401<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;"><span lang="en-GB">This study was carried out in El Omayed Protected Area at the Western Coastal Desert of Egypt. The present survey of the herpetofauna comprise 30 species (one amphibian species and 29 reptilian species) belonging to 25 genera and 11 families. </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;"><span lang="en-GB"><em><strong>Bufo viridis viridis</strong></em></span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;"><span lang="en-GB">was the only recorded amphibian species. From reptiles, 18 species of lizards, 9 species of snakes, and 2 species of Testudines were recorded. No endemic species were found in the study area. About half of the recorded species </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><span lang="en-GB">(43%) are threatened by different degrees and in argent need of special management;</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;"><span lang="en-GB"> Threats to the populations of herpetofauna of the study area and conservatory recommendations were listed.</span></span></span></span>https://absb.journals.ekb.eg/article_7130_fc64fdb0760bd6e1410642258bb56038.pdf