Al-Azhar University, Faculty of Science (Boys)Al-Azhar Bulletin of Science1110-253522Issue 2-C20111201A HIGH POTENT ANTIBODY RESPONSE IN RABBITS INFECTED WITH ULTRA VIOLET ATTENUATED CERCARIAE116702910.21608/absb.2011.7029ENHALAMOUSTAFAMedical Biophysics Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, 6 October University, 6 October, Egypt.SAMARHASSAB-ALLAHBiochemistry Department, Faculty of Physical Therapy, 6 October University, 6 October City, EgyptHARBIALIBiology Department, Faculty of Science, Jazan University, Saudi ArabiaHANANRABEENarcotic Department, National Center for Social and Criminological Research, Cairo, Egypt.RAGAAALIBiology Department Basic Science, 6 October University, 6 October City, Egypt.Journal Article20110703<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: small;">Ultraviolet (UV) light is an electromagnetic radiation below the visible wavelengths. Their use in cercariae attenuation needs to be examined. In the present work, </span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: small;"><em>Schistosoma mansoni</em></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: small;"> cercariae was exposed to UV radiation. Few studies showed previously an inflicted damage seen on the adult schistosome worms developed from irradiated cercariae. The aim of the study was to find out whether this damage was attributed to direct effect of UV-irradiation on cercariae or due to the host's immunogenicity induced by UV- irradiated cercariae</span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: small;">. Single as well as multiple exposures of cercariae to UV Light were examined. They were exposed to UV light, for 1, 2 and 3 hrs </span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: small;">and then, were subjected to different treatments: the first one was for the assessment of cercarial viability after one hour of the 3 different treatments. The second one was for rabbit infection and the third one was for cercarial antigen preparation. The cercarial antigens (Ag) were recognized by protective antibodies (IgG1 fractions) which then, were separated and purified from vaccinated rabbit's serum. This cercarial Ag was identified as UVISmC1 gene encoding a protein showing 100% identity at the amino acid level with previously identified </span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: small;"><em>S. mansoni</em></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: small;"> clones; theses clones are encoding 51.7 kDa antigens elicited as a result of direct effect of UV radiation on cercariae as well as host's immunogenicity induced by UV irradiated cercariae. This was verified by the recognition of this Ag prepared from </span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: small;"><em>E coli</em></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: small;"> clones isolated from cDNA expression library. </span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: small;">In conclusion, the data showed a remarkable potency of the </span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: small;">UV-radiation-attenuated cercaria in eliciting differential high effectiveness in Ab response under laboratory conditions </span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: small;">at 1, 2 and 3 hrs </span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: small;">of UV light output at 254 nm. An understanding of the protective immune response elicited by RA cercaria may help in designing a candidate vaccine which is still needed.</span></span></span>https://absb.journals.ekb.eg/article_7029_e9c604b7755e20855a893243414db44f.pdfAl-Azhar University, Faculty of Science (Boys)Al-Azhar Bulletin of Science1110-253522Issue 2-C20111201REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF THE FLATTENED PORCELAIN CRAB, PETROLISTHES RUFESCENS (PORCELLANIDAE: ANOMURA: CRUSTACEA) FROM AIN SUKHNA, GULF OF SUEZ, EGYPT1733703010.21608/absb.2011.7030ENAWAAD A.EL-SAYEDSection of Marine Biology and Fishes, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al- Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.MOSTAFA M.FOUDAConsultant for Minister of Environment, State Ministry of Environment, Cairo, Egypt.AHMED M.AZABSection of Marine Biology and Fishes, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al- Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.ISMAIL M.ISMAILM.Sc. in Marine Biology.Journal Article20110713<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;">The reproductive biology of the porcelain crab </span><span style="font-size: small;"><em>Petrolisthes rufescens</em></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en">(Heller, 1861) </span></span><span style="font-size: small;">population at Ain Sukhna (62 km south Suez City) was studied during the period from April 2000 to May 2001. Sexual dimorphism was determined based on morphological differences between sexes. Abdomen is semi-circular with four pairs of biramous appendages in females, but tapering with only two pairs of unequal uniramous appendages (pleopds) in males. Size at first maturity was determined using allometric growth occurring at puberty from the relationships between male's 2</span><sup><span style="font-size: small;">nd</span></sup><span style="font-size: small;"> pleopodal length and chelae length against carapace length (C.L.) and by the appearance of distinctive ovaries in females. Overall sex ratio for this crab species was 1: 0.70 males to females, with highly significant Chi-square value (X</span><sup><span style="font-size: small;">2 </span></sup><span style="font-size: small;">= 7.486, P< 0.05, df =1).</span><span style="font-size: small;">It was not constant throughout the year particularly during breeding seasons, showing highly significant Chi-square value (X</span><sup><span style="font-size: small;">2 </span></sup><span style="font-size: small;">= 20.185, df= 25, P < 0.05). Based on the appearance of ovigerous females, the breeding of </span><span style="font-size: small;"><em>P. rufescens</em></span><span style="font-size: small;"> is lengthy, start often at late winter and early spring and extends through summer to early autumn. Incubated eggs are oval or semi-oval, sometimes elliptical with polygonal surfaces, and varied in size from 400 to 1000 </span><span style="font-family: Symbol,serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></span><span style="font-size: small;">m with an average of 640 ± 105 </span><span style="font-family: Symbol,serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></span><span style="font-size: small;">m. These eggs are passed through five stages of maturation, and showed remarkably gradual decreasing in size throughout the period of incubation, reaching the minimum at last stages (stage V or the releasing larvae). The color of incubated eggs is also changed from bright yellow in newly laid eggs to grey at the last stage of development. The fecundity of ovigerous females was relatively low, varied from 35 to 450 with an average of 208 ± 92 eggs /female crab. It was correlated by a curvilinear relationship with carapace length only.</span></span>https://absb.journals.ekb.eg/article_7030_060f4d17f1ac810660e953a522c39b1b.pdf