Al-Azhar University, Faculty of Science (Boys)
Al-Azhar Bulletin of Science
1110-2535
2636-3305
19
Issue 1-A
2008
06
01
REACTIONS OF DIPYRIDYLKETONE WITH GROUP 8 METAL CARBONYLS IN DIFFERENT MEDIA
1
11
EN
M.
M.
KHALIL
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo Egypt
khalil62@yahoo.com
10.21608/absb.2008.8335
Reaction of di-(2-pyridyl)ketone (dpk) with [M<sub>3</sub>(CO)<sub>12</sub>], M =Ru or Os in dioxan under reduced pressure gave the tricarbonyl derivative [Ru(CO)<sub>3</sub>(dpk)] <strong>(1) </strong>and [Os(CO)<sub>3</sub>(dpk)] <strong>(2)</strong>. When these reactions were carried out in benzene/ethanol 1:1 (v:v) under reflux and reduced pressure gave the binuclear ruthenium complex [Ru<sub>2</sub>(CO)<sub>4</sub>(m-CO)(h<sup>3</sup>-dpkO,Oeth)<sub>2</sub>] <strong>(3)</strong>,where h<sup>3</sup>-dpkO,Oeth is N,O,N-ethoxybis(2-pyridyl)-methanolato and the mononuclear [Os(CO)<sub>3</sub>(h<sup>3</sup>-dpkO,Oeth) <strong>(4)</strong>. All complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, infrared, mass and <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectroscopy. The spectroscopic measurements indicated that in dioxane as solvent the dpk act as bidentate ligand while in benzene/ethanol solution the dpk act as tridentate ligand. The magnetic measurements revealed that the complexes <strong>(3) </strong>and<strong> (4)</strong> are paramagnetic with change in the formal oxidation state of the ruthenium and osmium atoms from zero to +1 via oxidative addition of the OH group to ruthenium or osmium with a proton displacement to give a low-spin <em>d</em><sup>7</sup> electronic configuration The UV–Vis studies of the complexes showed blue shift compared to the ligand confirming complex formation.
DIPYRIDYLKETONE,GROUP 8 METAL CARBONYLS
https://absb.journals.ekb.eg/article_8335.html
https://absb.journals.ekb.eg/article_8335_e50bb86750301d9b59d397d150ec90d6.pdf
Al-Azhar University, Faculty of Science (Boys)
Al-Azhar Bulletin of Science
1110-2535
2636-3305
19
Issue 1-A
2008
06
01
OFF-LINE SOLID PHASE SELECTIVE SEPARATION AND PRECONCENTRATION OF Cu, Zn, Pb AND Cd IN DRINKING WATER BY SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION USING 4´-(2-HYDROXYPHENYLAZO)-3´-METHYL-1´-PHENYL-2´-PYRAZOLIN-5´-ONE FUNCTIONALIZED AMBERLITE XAD-2
13
26
EN
N.
BURHAM
Chemistry department, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, Fayoum City, Egypt
S.
M.
ABDEL AZEEM
Chemistry department, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, Fayoum City, Egypt
M.
F.
EL-SHAHAT
Chemistry Deparatment, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
10.21608/absb.2008.8336
A new solid – phase extraction sorbent is developed based on stepwise anchoring of two ligand molecules for the determination of copper, zinc, lead and cadmium in drinking water by flame AAS. Amberlite XAD-2 functionalized with 4´-(2-hydroxyphenylazo)-3´-methyl-1´-phenyl-2´-pyrazolin-5´-one (HPAPyr) was utilized for preconcentration/separation of these elements. The sorbent was prepared by two successive azo coupling reactions. Firstly, 2-aminophenol was anchored to the amino groups in the resin resulted from nitration followed by reduction. Then, the resulted 2-aminophenol functionalized resin was further diazotized and coupled to pyrazolone compound and the final product HPAPyr-XAD-2 was characterized by IR and elemental analysis. The optimum pH range for sorption, shaking time, exchange capacity, sample flow rate, preconcentration factor and interference from co-existing ions are investigated. All metal ions are quantitatively desorbed from the resin by 4.5 mol l<sup>-1</sup> nitric acid solution. The sorbent provides limit of detection within the range 0.9 – 3.3 µg l<sup>-1 </sup>and concentration factor up to 250. The procedure is validated by analysis of certified material NIST-SRM 1577b. Application to drinking water showed satisfactory results with relative standard deviation RSD ≤ 8.5 %.
4´-(2-hydroxyphenylazo)-3´-methyl-1´-phenyl-2´-pyrazolin-5´-one,Amberlite XAD-2,Preconcentration,Drinking water
https://absb.journals.ekb.eg/article_8336.html
https://absb.journals.ekb.eg/article_8336_78d17c3672222e415d2e9866e5b2e449.pdf
Al-Azhar University, Faculty of Science (Boys)
Al-Azhar Bulletin of Science
1110-2535
2636-3305
19
Issue 1-A
2008
06
01
ELECTROCHEMICAL BEHAVIOR OF MOLYBDENUM ELECTRODE IN ACETIC, FORMIC AND OXALIC ACID SOLUTIONS.
27
39
EN
E.
M.
ATTIA
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science (for Girls), AL- Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
A.
E.
EL- SHENNAWY
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science (for Girls), AL- Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
W.
A.
HUSSEIN
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science (for Girls), AL- Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
10.21608/absb.2008.8337
The electrochemical behavior of molybdenum electrode in acetic, formic and oxalic acid solutions is studied. The effect of immersion time, composition medium, applied voltage, applied current density and scanning rate is investigated using potentiodynamic, potentiostatic and galvanostatic polarization measurements.
The stability of the oxide film formed on Mo electrode is affected by both the formation medium and the applied potential. In 0.5N oxalic acid, the critical applied voltage below which the current start to oscillate is equal to -80 mV. The rate of dissolution of anodic oxide film formed on Mo in oxalic acid is very rapid compared with that formed in acetic and formic acids. Also in oxalic acid solutions Mo is notably affected by applied current density in which reciprocal capacitance, C<sub>s</sub><sup>-1</sup>, decrease with increasing applied current density. On the contrary in acetic and formic acids Mo did not affect. In acetic acid solution, the time of anodization has little or no effect on the dissolution process.
electrochemical,MOLYBDENUM ELECTRODE,acetic acid
https://absb.journals.ekb.eg/article_8337.html
https://absb.journals.ekb.eg/article_8337_c9cef13eb9d395d04d6eb82fecf31175.pdf
Al-Azhar University, Faculty of Science (Boys)
Al-Azhar Bulletin of Science
1110-2535
2636-3305
19
Issue 1-A
2008
06
01
IONIZATION OF PERLNDOPRIL PERMADIOL AND AMINEPTINE – HCL AS PHARMACEUTICAL LIGANDS AND THEIR COMPLEXES WITH DIVALENT CATIONS AND LANTHANONS.
41
48
EN
ADEL
S.
ORABI
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
N.
B.
EL-ASSY
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Education, Suez Canal University, El-Arish, Egypt.
ABD EL-GWAD
M.
RADI
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, (Demiatta), Mansoura University, Egypt.
N.
S.
ABDEL-GHANY
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Education, Suez Canal University, El-Arish, Egypt.
SAWSSAN
M.
ABU EL-HASSAN
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Education, Suez Canal University, El-Arish, Egypt.
10.21608/absb.2008.8995
Proton – constants of Per (I) and Amin (II) ligands and the formation constants of their complexes with some transition metal ions (Zn(II) and Cu(II)) and some trivalent lanthanides (Ce(III), Pr(III), and Er(III)) ions have been determined potentiometrically in aqueous methanol medium. The effect of temperature was studied at 20, 30, and 40ºC. The thermodynamic parameters (∆Hº, ∆Gº, ∆Sº) were evaluated and discussed. The formation curves for the metal complexes were obtained and the formation constants were determined.
<strong> </strong>
potentiometry, complexes,Thermodynamic
https://absb.journals.ekb.eg/article_8995.html
https://absb.journals.ekb.eg/article_8995_431857072a2a0ff9f4d411404b9ff013.pdf
Al-Azhar University, Faculty of Science (Boys)
Al-Azhar Bulletin of Science
1110-2535
2636-3305
19
Issue 1-A
2008
06
01
SYNTHESIS AND REACTIONS OF SOME PYRIDINE AND THIENO [2,3-b] PYRIDINE DERIVATIVES WITH EXPECTED BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY
67
90
EN
A.
Y.
HASSAN
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science (Girl's), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
F.
M.
FAYZ
Chemistry Department, Girl's College of Education, Saudi Arabia, Riyadh
10.21608/absb.2008.8996
A synthesis of pyridine-2(1H)-thione derivative <strong>2</strong> and thieno-[2,3-b] -pyridine derivatives <strong>4,5</strong> utilizing cyanothioacetamide and arylhydrazone of benzoylacetone <strong>1</strong> as starting compounds is described. Pyridinethione derivative <strong>6</strong> reacted with aromatic aldehyde to give styrylpyridinethione derivative <strong>7</strong>. Compound <strong>7</strong> was reacted with chloroacetone to obtain thienopyridine derivative <strong>8</strong>. Cycloaddition reaction was carried out on <strong>8</strong> with dienophiles, to afford the corresponding cycloadduct <strong>9</strong>.Pyridinethione derivative <strong>6</strong> reacted with halogen-containing materials to give the corresponding thienopyridine derivatives <strong>10</strong>, <strong>17</strong>. the reaction of <strong>10</strong> with triethyl orthoformate or formic acid led to the formation of pyridothienopyrimdine derivative <strong>11. </strong>The hydrazino derivative <strong>13</strong>, gave with triethyl orthoformate triazolo-pyrimidothienopyridine derivative <strong>14</strong>. Compound <strong>10</strong> reacted with nitrous acid to gave pyridothienotrizinone derivative <strong>15</strong>. Thienopyridine derivative <strong>17</strong> reacted with triethyl orthoformate to give <strong>18</strong>. Triazipinopyrimidothienopyridine derivative <strong>20</strong> obtained from compound <strong>18</strong> after reaction with hydrazine hydrate and acetylacetone. Compound <strong>17</strong> reacted with carbon disulfide to give pyrimidinedithione derivative <strong>21.</strong>
Pyridine,THIENO [2,3-b] PYRIDINE,Biological Activity
https://absb.journals.ekb.eg/article_8996.html
https://absb.journals.ekb.eg/article_8996_8a493bdfe43f115443b785d18f92d762.pdf
Al-Azhar University, Faculty of Science (Boys)
Al-Azhar Bulletin of Science
1110-2535
2636-3305
19
Issue 1-A
2008
06
01
SYNTHESIS OF NEW MICROCAPSULES FROM AGAROSE GEL AND THEIR MEDICAL APPLICATIONS
91
100
EN
ASHRAF
M.
SEIDA
Chemistry department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
EZZ
M.
EL-GAMAL
Chemistry department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
MAHMOUD
M.
GABR
Chemistry department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
HASSAN
K.
IBRAHIM
Chemistry department, Faculty of Education, Suez Canal University, Port Said, Egypt.
MOHAMED
S.
EL-GHARIB
Urology and Nephrology, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
10.21608/absb.2008.8997
Prevention of rejection is critical to achieve successful pancreatic islet transplantation protection of islet cells from rejection by isolating the islets in artificial membranes has been used instead of immunosuppression treatment. In these study we investigated the microencapsulation of microencapsulated hamster islets in hydrophilic microencapsules made of agarose. The microencapsulated hamster islets were placed interaperitoneally in mice in which diabetes was induced by a single dose (150 mg/kgof body weight) of streptozotocin. Five groups were studied. The first group (5 mice) received free hamster islets (1000 islets).The second group (5 mice) received 1000 empty agarose microcapsules and 1000 free hamster islets. The third group (10 mice) received hamster islets microencapsulated in agarose (500 microcapsules). The forth group (10 mice) received 1000islet microcapsules. The fifth group (10 mice) received 1000 islet microcapsules cultured in CMRL-1066 medium for 4 weeks at 37°C . Mice of group 1 and group 2 failed to achieve normoglycemia. Recepient mice received miccroencapsulated islets group (3,4,5) maintained normoglycemia for a mean of 45 ± 5 days range (30 – 65 days). These cured mice had normal glucose tolerance tests, which indicates that islets in the microcapsules were functioning as if they are in an intact pancreas. Microcapsules, retrieved up to 30 days after transplantation, showed no evidence of tissue reaction. Our study indicate that agarose microcapsules can protect islet xenografts from rejection. These microcapsules may be suitable for human clinical islet xenotransplantation.
MICROCAPSULES,Agarose gel
https://absb.journals.ekb.eg/article_8997.html
https://absb.journals.ekb.eg/article_8997_bff945ca04b0ecb959c348125b906f29.pdf
Al-Azhar University, Faculty of Science (Boys)
Al-Azhar Bulletin of Science
1110-2535
2636-3305
19
Issue 1-A
2008
06
01
EFFECT OF CALCINATION TEMPERATURE OF KAOLINITE CLAY ON THE PROPERTIES OF PORTLAND CEMENT PASTES CONTAINING METAKAOLIN
101
121
EN
M.
A.
TAHER
Chemistry Department. Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
A.
v
EL-SAYED
Chemistry Department. Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
O.
A.
FARGHALY
Chemistry Department. Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
M.
R.
SHATAT
Chemistry Department. Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
10.21608/absb.2008.8998
Metakaolin (MK) is a highly reactive pozzolan produced by calcination of kaolinite clay at high temperatures. It has a high specific surface, which makes it very suitable as a cementing material in concrete. The utilization of area calcined clay, in the form of MK, as a pozzolanic material for mortar and concrete has received a considerable attention in recent years. This interest is part of the widely spread attention directed towards the utilization of wastes and industrial by-products in order to minimize Portland cement (PC) consumption, the manufacture of which being environmentally damaging. Another reason is that mortar and concrete, which contain pozzolanic materials, exhibit considerable enhancement in durability properties. In this investigation, the physico-chemical properties of artificial pozzolanic cement pastes containing MK produced by calcination of kaolinite clay at different temperatures (700, 800, 900, and 1000<sup>o</sup>C) were studied. PC was partially substituted for by 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 % of MK by weight at different calcination temperatures. The characteristics of prepared mortars were investigated after curing in water for different periods (3, 7, 28 and 90 days) by determination of compressive strength and total porosity. The hydration kinetics was evaluated by determination of free lime contents. IR spectroscopic analysis was used to investigate the change in structure of mortars after curing. The change in morphology and microstructure of some hardened pastes were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Metakaolin,Pozzolan,kaolin,Blended cement
https://absb.journals.ekb.eg/article_8998.html
https://absb.journals.ekb.eg/article_8998_fb23ce04b58840e753a97df476f7015a.pdf
Al-Azhar University, Faculty of Science (Boys)
Al-Azhar Bulletin of Science
1110-2535
2636-3305
19
Issue 1-A
2008
06
01
EXPERIENCE IN ANALYZING VIBRATIONAL SPECTRA OF SOLIDS AND SOLID-SOLID INTERACTIONS
123
133
EN
M.
S.
AFIFI
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
sirag@tedata.net.eg
10.21608/absb.2008.8999
The theoretical analysis of vibrational spectra of solid and solid-solid interactions is critically reviewed and analyzed.
Zeolites,solid-solid interactions,vibrational spectra
https://absb.journals.ekb.eg/article_8999.html
https://absb.journals.ekb.eg/article_8999_c24a8f2c8e825ab8fc4a18dd33d47268.pdf
Al-Azhar University, Faculty of Science (Boys)
Al-Azhar Bulletin of Science
1110-2535
2636-3305
19
Issue 1-A
2008
06
18
EFFECT OF TWO TRIAZOLE THIONE DERIVATIVES ON CORROSION BEHAVIOR OF MOLYBDENUM IN 0.01M HCL
135
151
EN
E.
ATTIA
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science (for Girls), AL- Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
10.21608/absb.2008.10495
4N- (2- hydroxy -3- triethyl ammonio- propyl-) fatty- 1, 2, 4 triazole -3- thione (12AB) and 2,4N- (bis- 2- hydroxy -3- triethyl ammonio- propyl-) fatty- 1, 2, 4 triazole -3- thione (12ABB) were synthesized, characterized and tested as surfactant corrosion inhibitors for Mo in 0.01 M HCl solution using galvanostatic, potentiodynamic and potentiostatic polarization techniques. Concentrations of the inhibitors were ranged from 1x10<sup>−6</sup> to 1 (wt. %). The obtained results using galvanostatic polarization on bare metal showed that thickness of adsorbed layer decreased with increasing concentration of 12AB while adverse trend was observed with 12ABB. On the other hand the anodic oxide film formed at 100mAcm<sup>-2</sup> up to 0.268V (SCE) was susceptible to a dissolution process with the presence of two corrosion rates for each concentration of the two additives. Potentiodynamic polarization illustrated that increase of additive concentration lowered corrosion current densities affecting anodic reaction more than cathodic one. The protection efficiency increased with increasing inhibitor concentration. The low values of IE. % indicated the presence of electrostatic attraction between inhibiting molecules and the electrically charged surface of metal. Adsorption followed the kinetic thermodynamic model, Langmuir and Flory–Huggins adsorption isotherms. 12ABB showed better inhibiting action than that of 12AB due to the presence of two side chains in its structure. Potentiostatic polarizations indicated that when the concentration of the additives 12AB and 12ABB exceeded a critical value, ≥0.1Wt.%, no inhibition effect.
triazole thione,Corrosion,molybdenum,galvanostatic,Potentiodynamic,potentiostatic,Polarization,Adsorption
https://absb.journals.ekb.eg/article_10495.html
https://absb.journals.ekb.eg/article_10495_50729c0d381c830b60e29b181dab02dd.pdf
Al-Azhar University, Faculty of Science (Boys)
Al-Azhar Bulletin of Science
1110-2535
2636-3305
19
Issue 1-A
2008
06
01
ELECTROCHEMICAL BEHAVIOR OF STEEL ALLOYS AS AFFECTED BY PHOSPHORIC ACID
153
167
EN
A.
S.
AHMED
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science (for Girls), AL-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
R.
M.
ABOU SHAHBA
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science (for Girls), AL-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
IBRAHIME
M.
GHAYAD
Central metallurgical research and development institute.
E.
M.
ATTIA
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science (for Girls), AL-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
W.
A.
HUSSEIN
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science (for Girls), AL-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
10.21608/absb.2008.9000
The behavior of two steel alloys in phosphoric acid solutions alone and with addition of organic and inorganic compounds was studied using open circuit potential and potentiodynamic polarization techniques. Open circuit potential measurements of the two stainless steel electrodes in different concentrations of H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> showed that the rates of film thickening of the two electrodes are independent of the solution concentration. Potentiodynamic polarizations illustrate that, upon increasing Na<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> concentration in 0.5M H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> the pH of the solutions changed in the range from 1.7 to 10.7 and the corrosion rate decreases. Electrode type (II) has inhibition efficiency more than electrode type (I). AT compound (3 amino 1, 2, 4-triazole) has proven to be efficient inhibitor for pitting corrosion of stainless steel in phosphoric acid solutions. The inhibition efficiency was increased by increasing the inhibitor concentration. The inhibitive property may be argued to the formation of a compact Fe-AT complex film on the electrode surface.
electrochemical,STEEL ALLOYS,phosphoric acid
https://absb.journals.ekb.eg/article_9000.html
https://absb.journals.ekb.eg/article_9000_66bc536b78b295011304a08c6b65b7f5.pdf
Al-Azhar University, Faculty of Science (Boys)
Al-Azhar Bulletin of Science
1110-2535
2636-3305
19
Issue 1-A
2008
06
01
THE CHARACTERIZATION MOTOR FUELS IN YEMEN AND COMPARE THEM WITH INTERNATIONAL FUELS SPECIFICATIONS.
169
178
EN
ABDO SALEH
AL SUBARI
Thamar University, Faculty of Applied Science, Department of chemistry, Yemen
sabbari67@yahoo.com
10.21608/absb.2008.9001
The main purpose of this search is to characterize our local Motor Fuels and compare them with international fuels aiming to contribute in finding a solution to improve their quality.
Fuels affected by legislation include gasoline, diesel and heavy fuel oil, this trend is now spreading to other regions of the world, wherever similar clean fuels regulations are being planned and implemented.
The paper deals with the current specifications for local market and ways to meet international requirements. Analysis for the produced Motor gasoline and diesel fuel in Yemen Refining Companies were done and proposed changes for the qualities and technological processes are suggested
MOTOR FUELS,Yemen
https://absb.journals.ekb.eg/article_9001.html
https://absb.journals.ekb.eg/article_9001_41b7a9d57ba0f551eea90752bb74172b.pdf
Al-Azhar University, Faculty of Science (Boys)
Al-Azhar Bulletin of Science
1110-2535
2636-3305
19
Issue 1-A
2008
06
01
THE RELATION BETWEEN THE MICROSTRUCTURE OF CARBON STEEL (0.24 C% & 0.38 C%) AND CORROSION PROTECTION
179
194
EN
S.
R.
SELIM
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, EGYPT
A.
A.
MOHAMED
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, EGYPT.
G.
A.
Al-Hazmi
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Taiz University, Taiz, YEMEN
A.
H.
Ali
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Taiz University, Taiz, YEMEN
10.21608/absb.2008.9002
The effect of carbon percent on the corrosion of steel in ethanol – aqueous H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> solution has been studied by using weight loss technique. The effect of presence of foreign atoms in steel composition on the corrosion resistance has been investigated. Beside that, the effect of heat treatment on the corrosion rates has been interpreted. The inhibitive action of N, N-dihydroxy ethyl acryl-amide on the corrosion rate of steel appears high efficiency for all samples in all cases under study. The corrosion behavior is interpreted in view of the microstructure of samples before and after heat treatment. There are two wet corrosion processes that affected by carbon percent in the localized area. Before heat treatment the corrosion rate is more dependent upon inter-granular corrosion type while, increasing C % or by quenching regime the corrosion rate is more dependent upon allotropic–galvanic corrosion type. The corrosion rate in absence of inhibitors classified as cathodic control while it classified as cathodic–anodic control in presence of inhibitor.
steel microstructure,corrosion of low and medium carbon steel,N, N-dihydroxy ethyl acryl-amide,Heat treatment
https://absb.journals.ekb.eg/article_9002.html
https://absb.journals.ekb.eg/article_9002_d5522de402838600ed6d8e3dc7b0b014.pdf
Al-Azhar University, Faculty of Science (Boys)
Al-Azhar Bulletin of Science
1110-2535
2636-3305
19
Issue 1-A
2008
06
01
ARIOUS MODIFIED POLYESTERAMIDE VARNISHES AS ANTIMICROBIAL SURFACE COATING VEHICLES.
195
204
EN
H.
ABD EL-WAHAB
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science (boys), Al-Aazhr University, Cairo, Egypt.
10.21608/absb.2008.9912
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;">New modified polyesteramide compositions were prepared and evaluated as vehicles for surface coating Resin was prepared by partial replacement of hydroxyl ethyl fatty acid amide (HEFAA) using 6,8-Dibromocumarin-3-N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl) carboxamide which carried out by solvent technique, This modification, as expected, improved the film performance and durability and lead to substantial antimicrobial growth control. </span></span>
Polyester amide,Surface coating,Biological Activity,Antimicrobial varnishes,Protective coating,Biocide activity of organic coating
https://absb.journals.ekb.eg/article_9912.html
https://absb.journals.ekb.eg/article_9912_86b67f95bd8e0cef5022a01621d0bd9a.pdf
Al-Azhar University, Faculty of Science (Boys)
Al-Azhar Bulletin of Science
1110-2535
2636-3305
19
Issue 1-A
2008
06
01
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERISATION OF BISPHENOL A NOVOLAC EPOXY RESINS FOR COATING APPLICATIONS
205
222
EN
N.
O.
SHAKER
Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Nasr City 11727, Cairo, Egypt
10.21608/absb.2008.9913
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: small;">Bisphenol A novolacs were synthesized in a melting process using para formaldehyde, and in a solution process using formalin solution and oxalic acid catalyst. </span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><sup><span style="font-size: small;">1</span></sup></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: small;">H-NMR investigations show a higher content of methylene bridges in the novolacs synthesized by the melting process. These novolacs were analyzed by GPC and FT-IR spectroscopy. The bisphenol A novolac was cured with 1,2-amino ethyl piperazine (AEP ) as a curing agent for epoxy resins. The networks synthesized were evaluated as organic coatings for steel. The mechanical properties of the cured epoxy resins were tested and the chemical resistances of the cured resins were evaluated through salt spray resistance, hot water, solvents, acid and alkali resistance measurements. The data indicate that the cured epoxy resins have excellent chemical resistance as organic coatings among other resins.</span></span></span>
Bisphenol,NOVOLAC EPOXY RESINS
https://absb.journals.ekb.eg/article_9913.html
https://absb.journals.ekb.eg/article_9913_520004d72a29330528588f58dd8750e7.pdf
Al-Azhar University, Faculty of Science (Boys)
Al-Azhar Bulletin of Science
1110-2535
2636-3305
19
Issue 1-A
2008
06
01
SYNTHESIS, SURFACE AND ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF FATTY MORPHOLIDE AND PIPERIDIDE DERIVATIVES
223
232
EN
B.
M.
EL-SADEK
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Egypt
F.
H.
ABDEL SALAM
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Egypt
E.
M.
KANDEEL
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Egypt
S.
A.
BAKR
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Egypt
10.21608/absb.2008.9915
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: small;">Unsaturated fatty N-acyl morpholide and piperidide derivatives </span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">were prepared by the reaction of the acid chloride of oleic and linoleic acids </span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">as well as the mixed fatty acid chlorides of olive, linseed and castor oils with </span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;">morpholine and piperidine. The sodium bisulfite and mercapto acetic acid </span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">were added to the prepared unsaturated fatty amides to give sulfonated and </span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: small;">methylthiocarboxylate morpholide and piperidide derivatives.</span></span></span>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">These derivatives were characterized using infrared (IR), </span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><sup><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">1</span></span></sup></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">H nuclear </span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;">magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectroscopy (MS), they showed </span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: small;">excellent lowering power of surface tension, foaming stability and emulsifying </span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">property. On the other hand, these derivatives showed a broad antimicrobial </span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">spectra as high as chloramphenicol against all the tested microorganisms. It was found that compounds containing a carboxylate hydrophilic group were </span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;">less efficient than those with a suflonate group with respect to foaming </span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">power, foam stability, emulsification and antimicrobial effect.</span></span></span></span>
FATTY MORPHOLIDE,PIPERIDIDE DERIVATIVES
https://absb.journals.ekb.eg/article_9915.html
https://absb.journals.ekb.eg/article_9915_f1c158f8151e00b2af4289fe3a351766.pdf
Al-Azhar University, Faculty of Science (Boys)
Al-Azhar Bulletin of Science
1110-2535
2636-3305
19
Issue 1-A
2008
06
01
PHENOL/FORMALDEHYDE-BASED SOYBEAN EPOXY ESTERS FOR SURFACE COATINGS
233
244
EN
N.
O.
SHAKER
Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
10.21608/absb.2008.10044
High performance Phenol/formaldehyde-based soybean epoxy esters were prepared by reacting soybean oil fatty acids with epoxy resins which were prepared by the epoxidation of phenol /formaldehyde resins (1:1, 3:2, 2:1) using epichlorohydrin. The epoxy esters were blended with alkyd resin and the film characteristics of these blends were studied at different pigmentation level. It was found that the performance of the cured films is excellent with regard to resistance to water and solvents (acetone, ethanol, methanol, ethyl methyl ketone, toluene), while the resistance to alkali poor and increasing the ratio of phenol /formaldehyde increase the resistance to acids. All the coating films exhibited a very good adhesion to metallic substrates, good impact, scratch hardness, flexibility and storage stability. They also provide several benefits for the manufacture of epoxy coating that include low price, versatility, minimal volatile organic content (VOC), and minimal environmental impact.
Phenol,formaldehyde resins,soybean epoxy esters,chemical resistance,mechanical resistance,storage stability
https://absb.journals.ekb.eg/article_10044.html
https://absb.journals.ekb.eg/article_10044_d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e.pdf
Al-Azhar University, Faculty of Science (Boys)
Al-Azhar Bulletin of Science
1110-2535
2636-3305
19
Issue 1-A
2008
06
01
FRACTIONAL FACTORIAL DESIGN APPROACH FOR STUDYING IN VITRO TRANSDERMAL DELIVERY OF GRANISETRON USING ELECTROPORATION
245
267
EN
SAMIA
A.
NOUR
Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
MOHAMED
T.
ELEWA
Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Benha University , Egypt.
Randa
T.
Abd El-rehim
Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
randa_tag@yahoo.co.uk
10.21608/absb.2008.10089
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Granisetron Hydrochloride is a 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 (5-HT</span></span><sub><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">3</span></span></sub><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">) receptor antagonist used for the prevention and treatment of nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy. Based on the hydrophilicity of this drug (pk</span></span><sub><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">a</span></span></sub><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">=9.4) it is unlikely that passive diffusion across the skin could deliver therapeutic amounts from a large sized patch. This study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of in vitro transdermal delivery of granisetron using electroporation across full thickness hairless rat skin. A </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"><span lang="en-GB"><span style="font-weight: normal;">2</span></span></span></span><sup><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"><span lang="en-GB"><span style="font-weight: normal;">4-1</span></span></span></span></sup><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">fractional factorial</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"><span lang="en-GB"><span style="font-weight: normal;"> design </span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">was used to determine the most important variables affecting the transdermal delivery of granisetron using electroporation. The variables studied and respective levels investigated were drug concentration (10, 20 mg/ml), voltage (155, 310 volt), pulse duration (12, 24 ms) and number of pulses (100, 200 pulses). Permeation profiles were used for the representation of data, where Q: the cumulative amount permeated per cm</span></span><sup><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">2</span></span></sup><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"> (µg/cm</span></span><sup><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">2</span></span></sup><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">) was plotted against time (min). The selected dependent variable (response) was Q</span></span><sub><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">120</span></span></sub><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"> which is the cumulative amount permeated per cm</span></span><sup><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">2</span></span></sup><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"> after 2 hours. Design-expert version 7.0.0 was used for the statistical evaluation. The results of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that Q</span></span><sub><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">120</span></span></sub><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"> was significantly affected by the voltage, pulse duration and number of pulses. The drug concentration had a non significant effect on Q</span></span><sub><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">120</span></span></sub><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">. A reduced polynomial regression equation which expresses the influence of process parameters on the response was obtained to enable navigation of the experimental space. </span></span>
Granisetron,Transdermal,electroporation,Fractional factorial design
https://absb.journals.ekb.eg/article_10089.html
https://absb.journals.ekb.eg/article_10089_65b1e228e522c0513245b0352fd0a333.pdf
Al-Azhar University, Faculty of Science (Boys)
Al-Azhar Bulletin of Science
1110-2535
2636-3305
19
Issue 1-A
2008
06
01
OPEN-CIRCUIT AND POTENTIODYNAMIC STUDY ON THE ELECTROCHEMICAL BEHAVIOR OF TIN ELECTRODE IN SULPHURIC ACID AND SODIUM HYDROXIDE SOLUTIONS
269
281
EN
R.
M.
ABOU SHAHBA
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science (for Girls), AL- Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
A.
S.
AHMED
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science (for Girls), AL- Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
E.
M.
ATTIA
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science (for Girls), AL- Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
A.
E.
EL-SHENNAWY
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science (for Girls), AL- Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
10.21608/absb.2008.10493
The electrochemical behavior of tin electrode in H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> and NaOH solutions is studied in details using open- circuit potential measurements and potentiodynamic polarization techniques. The identification of the elements present in the surface of specimen after immersion in the two test solutions is performed using an energy dispersive X-ray analysis(EDX).
Open- circuit potential measurements show that for tin electrode in low concentrations of H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4 </sub>and NaOH solutions the passivity was increased with dilution. At higher concentrations, dissolution of the pre-immersion oxide film occurs in which the corrosivety of NaOH is higher than that of H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> solutions. Passivation of tin in NaOH solutions appears to take place in two steps. The first involves formation of SnO or Sn(OH)<sub>2</sub>, in the second step oxidation to Sn(OH)<sub>4 </sub>takes place.
Potentiodynamic polarization techniques illustrate that the dissolution of tin in sulphuric acid occurs through the participation of both OH¯ and SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2- </sup>ions through an intermediate of (SnHSO<sub>4</sub>OH) species. The potentiodynamic curves for tin in sodium hydroxide solutions exhibits an active/passive transition. The active dissolution region involves two anodic peaks prior to permanent passivity. The first anodic peak is due to the formation of Sn(OH)<sub>2 </sub>whilethe second peak corresponded to the formation of Sn(OH)<sub>4</sub> in addition to the formation of the soluble stannate ions. Dehydration of unstable Sn(OH)<sub>4</sub> to the stable SnO<sub>2</sub> can occur on the tin electrode during the potential sweep to positive direction. Increasing concentrations of H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> and NaOH solutions led to enhance the corrosion current (i<sub>corr.</sub>), and corrosion potentials (E<sub>corr</sub>)shift towards more negative values. EDX analysis showed that Sn % present on the surface of tin electrode in 1M of each of NaOH and H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> solutionswas 91.82 and 83.52 respectively.
OPEN-CIRCUIT,Potentiodynamic,electrochemical
https://absb.journals.ekb.eg/article_10493.html
https://absb.journals.ekb.eg/article_10493_df79dd52c37ed5cc731a0e372301571e.pdf
Al-Azhar University, Faculty of Science (Boys)
Al-Azhar Bulletin of Science
1110-2535
2636-3305
19
Issue 1-A
2008
06
01
CORROSION OF CARBON-STEEL ALLOY IN 0.1M NITRIC ACID IN PRESENCE OF PLASTIC WASTE AS CORROSION INHIBITORS
283
294
EN
REDA
ABDEL HAMEED
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
mredars2@yahoo.com
H.
ISMAIL
Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Nasr City 11727, Cairo, Egypt.
10.21608/absb.2008.10102
Recyclization of poly (ethyleneterphthalate), (PET), with Diethanolamine and Triethanolamine having 1:2 wt% of PET: wt% of DEA or wt% TEA, in presence of manganese acetate as a catalyst. The inhibition action of the prepared compounds (D<sub>2</sub> & T<sub>2</sub>) on the corrosion of carbon-steel which used in the manufacture of petroleum pipelines in nitric acid was evaluated, at different concentrations of inhibitors from (50-250 ppm) at different temperatures, ranged from (303-333 K). The polarization curves indicate that these compounds may act as mixed-type inhibitors. The adsorption of the prepared compounds on C-steel was found to follow the Langmuir adsorption isotherm,they also obey El-Awady isotherm. The values of activation energies (E<sub>a</sub>*) and all thermodynamic activation parameters which determined, indicating that the type of adsorption was chemical adsorption.
recycling,Nitric acid,Corrosion,Inhibitor,carbon steel
https://absb.journals.ekb.eg/article_10102.html
https://absb.journals.ekb.eg/article_10102_62b7e306714084c284f3a11bc8dc9b9c.pdf
Al-Azhar University, Faculty of Science (Boys)
Al-Azhar Bulletin of Science
1110-2535
2636-3305
19
Issue 1-A
2008
06
01
BLEACHING OF LOOM-STAT COTTON FABRIC USING ACTIVATED SODIUM CHLORITE / HEXAMETHYLENETETRAMINE SYSTEM
295
307
EN
M.
K.
El-BISI
National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
E.
ABD ELHALIM
National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
M.
H.
EL-RAFEI
National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
10.21608/absb.2008.10491
Hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) has been investigated as novel activator for sodium chlorite to effectively bleach loom state cotton fabric in one step process and in slightly alkaline medium. This was done with a view to avoiding the troubles associated with evaluation of chlorine dioxide during chlorite bleaching. Two techniques have been separately investigated to carry out the bleaching process, namely, exhaustion and pad steam technique. The process parameters in each technique have been investigated. Results obtained show that the addition of HMT A decreased the decomposition percent of sodium chlorite during the bleaching process. It has been also found that loom state cotton fabric can be bleached in one step process with NaClO<sub>2</sub> /HMT A using either exhaustion or pad-steam technique. In exhaustion system maximum W.I and wettability of bleached cotton fabric was obtained when loom state cotton fabric was bleached with an aqueous solution containing 3 g/l NaClO<sub>2</sub> and 0.08 g/l HMT A. Whereas, in pad steam technique, maximum W.I and wettability of bleached cotton fabric was obtained when loom state cotton fabric was bleached with an aqueous solution containing 20 g/l NaClO<sub>2</sub> and 0.6 g/l HMT A then steamed for 60 min.
bleaching,Cotton fabric,Hexamethylenetetramine,Sodium chlorite
https://absb.journals.ekb.eg/article_10491.html
https://absb.journals.ekb.eg/article_10491_730a39d0cbb40789f5e21c473e20e3fd.pdf
Al-Azhar University, Faculty of Science (Boys)
Al-Azhar Bulletin of Science
1110-2535
2636-3305
19
Issue 1-A
2008
06
01
EFFECT OF ADDITION OF SOME ORGANIC AND INORGANIC COMPOUNDS ON THE PITTING CORROSION OF STAINLESS STEEL ELECTRODES
309
335
EN
A.
S.
AHMED
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science (for Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
R.
M.
ABOU SHAHBA
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science (for Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
E.
M.
ATTIA
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science (for Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
IBRAHIME
M.
GHAYAD
Central metallurgical research and development institute, Cairo, Egypt.
W.
A.
HUSSEIN
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science (for Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
10.21608/absb.2008.10043
The corrosion behavior of two stainless steel electrodes with different chemical compositions in different salt solutions of Cl¯ ions (NaCl, FeCl<sub>3</sub> and HgCl<sub>2</sub>) was studied. The corrosion behavior in 3.5% NaCl with and without different concentrations of two different triazole derivatives, 3-amino-1, 2, 4 triazole (AT) and 4-amino-5-mercapto-1, 2, 4 triazole (AMT) and Na<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3 </sub>(50 to 200ppm.) was studied. Open circuit potential measurements, potentiodynamic cyclic anodic polarization (PCAP) and surface morphology techniques were used in this study.
Obtained results showed that NaCl is more aggressive comparing with FeCl<sub>3</sub> and HgCl<sub>2</sub>. As the concentration of sodium chloride increased, the (PCAP) curves indicated the presence of pitting or crevice corrosion breakdown potential which sustained the increase of anodic current density. The plots of pitting potential (E<sub>pit.</sub>), or protection potential (E<sub>p</sub>) versus log [Cl¯] at 25<sup>o</sup>C, for the two stainless steel electrodes were linearly decreased with the increase of the logarithm of chloride concentration. Also the increase of scan rate increases the localized pitting corrosion. The additions of sodium thiosulphate to 3.5% NaCl enhance pitting corrosion as compared with that found in pure sodium chloride solution. On the contrary, increasing concentration of (AT) and (AMT) in NaCl solution was found to greatly enhance IE%. The adsorptive behavior of the investigated inhibitors on the steel surface followed Langmiur-type isotherm. These results indicate the suitability of the use of the investigated inhibitors. Electrode type (I) has a greater tendency for pitting than electrode type (II) due to the percentage of nickel in electrode type (I) is half that of electrode type (II).
ORGANIC AND INORGANIC,PITTING CORROSION,STAINLESS STEEL ELECTRODES
https://absb.journals.ekb.eg/article_10043.html
https://absb.journals.ekb.eg/article_10043_e2f292ae8f913f0033a08f45d600fe77.pdf