ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
CALLUS CULTURE OF TRIGONELLA FOENUM GRAECUM AS A PLANT TISSUE CULTURE ALTERNATIVE OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY
In the present study, Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum) seeds were surface sterilized and allowed to germinate on hormone free Murashige and Skoog's culture media for one week. Hypocotyls were cut into 0.5 mm length segments. Callus morphogenesis was achieved from the hypocotyls segments Using Murashige and Skoog's culture media supplemented with benzyl adenine and naphthalene acetic acid. The best callus biomass was obtained with 2 mg/l (BA) plus 1.5 mg/L (NAA) and the growth biomass was measured after 4 weeks. This concentration was then used to plot the growth curve of callus under both dark and light growth conditions. Calli obtained under light conditions exhibited a greenish yellow pigmentation, generally accumulated better biomass and their cells contained numerous and well formed discoid plastids. Calli obtained after 3, 6 and 9 weeks of growth were harvested, dried, and grinded into a fine powder and then extracted with ethanol 80%. Antibacterial activity of various calli extracts was checked by the disc-plate diffusion method and the results obtained have indicated that both hypocotyls and calli obtained from these explants exhibited activity against the tested bacteria and it was generally observed that calli were more potent than hypocotyls and that calli induced under light conditions were more potent in some cases than dark-induced calli in inhibiting the bacterial growth.
https://absb.journals.ekb.eg/article_10839_37e989075af7cde2cd87d8a2dbd6d759.pdf
2008-12-01
1
12
10.21608/absb.2008.10839
Callus
Antibacterial
tissue culture
phytotherapeutics
ESAM
HUSSEIN
esam431@hotmail.com
1
Al-Azhar University, Faculty of Science, Department of Botany and Microbiology, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
ABDUL-RAHMAN
AL-DUBAIE
2
Sana'a University, Faculty of Science, Biology Department, Yemen
AUTHOR
AMIN
ELHAKIMI
3
Sana'a University, Faculty of Agriculture
AUTHOR
AZIZA
TAJ-ELDEEN
4
Sana'a University, Faculty of Agriculture
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
IMPACT OF IRRIGATION FREQUENCIES, POTASSIUM FERTILIZER AND VITAMIN TREATMENTS ON YIELD, NUTRIENTS AND AMINO ACID CONTENTS OF BREAD WHEAT GRAINS
This study is conducted to investigate the effect of irrigation intervals in combination with soil application and / or foliar spray of potassium fertilizer and soaking in some vitamins (ascorbic acid and pyridoxine) on wheat yield, certain nutrients and amino acid contents in grains, as well as field water use efficiency. The main aim of the study is to save of the irrigation water without reduction of wheat yield with facility of practical application. Two field experiments were carried out during the two successive winter seasons of 2005/2006 and 2006/2007 at the experimental farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University at Assiut Governorate. The obtained results are as the follows:
The grain yield and its components were significantly affected by the main treatments i. e. irrigation frequencies, vitamins and potassium fertilizer. The irrigation every 21-day interval gave higher values of grain yield and all studied characters as compared with the other irrigation frequencies (28-day and 35- day intervals) in two seasons. The soaking in pyridoxine gave higher values of grain yield and all other characters as compared with control and ascorbic acid in both seasons. The superior grain yield of wheat per Feddan which resulted from treatment with potassium as foliar spray during growing seasons was applied.
The interaction effects between irrigation frequencies, every 21-day and soaking in pyridoxine vitamin gave higher values of grain yield of wheat and all other characters only except harvest index as compared with the other treatments in both seasons. The highest values of grain yield of wheat and all other characters were obtained when irrigation every 21-day and application of all potassium as foliar spray in both seasons.
The highest values of the grain yield and its components were obtained when irrigation was applied every 21-day, with soaking in pyridoxine vitamin and application of potassium fertilizer as foliar spray in both seasons. However, the lowest values of the grain yield and its components were recorded by applied irrigating the plants every 35-day, soaking in water and without potassium fertilizer in 2005/2006 and 2006/2007 seasons.
The interactions of irrigation interval x vitamins x potassium application significantly affected the macronutrients and total amino acid contents in wheat grains. Irrigation every 28-day interval with soaking in ascorbic acid and potassium application as foliar spray realized the highest values of nitrogen and phosphorus and total amino acid contents in wheat grains. Also, the highest amounts of potassium content in wheat grain were found under the same treatment but without soaking in any vitamins (soaking in water).The field water use efficiency increased when moisture stress increased. The highest value of field water use efficiency was calculated when plant irrigated at 35-day interval with soaking in pyridoxine and foliar sprayed with potassium.
https://absb.journals.ekb.eg/article_10840_f1bb00c72368d316d820e7bb98aa61bc.pdf
2008-12-01
55
72
10.21608/absb.2008.10840
irrigation frequencies
vitamins
Potassium Fertilizer
Grain yield
Macronutrients
total amino acids
KH
EL-AREF
1
Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agricultural., Al-Azhar Univ. Assiut, Egypt.
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.
FARAGALLAH
2
Soil and water Dep., Fac. Agric., Al-Azhar Univ. Assiut, Egypt.
LEAD_AUTHOR
S.
DESOUKY
3
Botany and Micro. Dep., Fac. Sci, Al-Azhar Univ. Assiut, Egypt.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
EFFECT OF SALINITY ON SOME WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM) CULTIVARS
Four wheat cultivars of Giza 9, Giza 7, Sakha 94 and Sakha 61 were cultivated under increasing NaCl levels (0.0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mM NaCl). The tested morphological characters of shoot and roots (fresh and dry weights as well as, shoot height of the cultivars indicated that as the salinity stress increased lower values of the tested characters elucidated. The tested cultivars showed different capacities toward salt stress, and they can be arranged in the following order according to their efficiency toward salt stress: Sakha 94> Sakha 61> Giza 9 > Giza 7. Under the same conditions the cultivars showed decreased values of P, K, Ca and increased Na accumulation in their shoots and roots. As for cultivar more tolerant to salt stress lower decreases of all the tested elements were determined in their shoot. However, their roots showed adverse results lower values of P, K, and Ca than the less salt tolerant cultivar. These indicate lower translocation of P, K, and Ca from the root to the shoot of the more tolerant cultivars as compared to less tolerant cultivars. The less tolerant cultivars accumulate more Na in their roots and shoots than do the more tolerant cultivars.
https://absb.journals.ekb.eg/article_10851_eef18140b608ab12e3e768bf6e15ba55.pdf
2008-12-01
73
89
10.21608/absb.2008.10851
salinity
Wheat cultivars
OMAR
ALMAGHRABI
1
Faculty of Teachers, Dept. Science, King Abdul Aziz University. Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
EFFECT OF SALICYLIC ACID ON PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND SOME ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES OF STRESSED SCENEDESMUS OBLIQUUS CULTURES
This study followed the effect of salicylic acid on growth criteria, photosynthetic pigments, photosynthesis, respiration, proline and the activities of some antioxidant enzymes of stressed Scenedesmus obliquus cultured for 7 days.
The growth criteria (cell number and dry weight) and total pigments ofnon- stressed and stressed Scenedesmus obliquus cultures were significantly increased, when the algal cultures were subjected to 200 mM NaCl and treated with 100and 200 ppm of salicylic acid. Also, Photosynthesis (oxygen evolution), respiration (dark oxygen uptake), proline, amino acids and catalase enzyme of non- salinized and salinized Scenedesmus obliquus cultured were significantly increased, when the algal cultures were subjected to 200 mM NaCl and treated with 100and 200 ppm of salicylic acid. However, both respiration (oxygen uptake) , lipid peroxidation as termed (malondialdhyde) and peroxidase were significantly decreased, when the algal cultures were subjected to 200 mM NaCl and treated with 400 ppm of salicylic. These values were compared with that of the control cultures.
https://absb.journals.ekb.eg/article_10857_70c949a75cc96ef1bc8fccb843a0e774.pdf
2008-12-01
91
108
10.21608/absb.2008.10857
Scenedesmus obliquus
Photosynthesis
Respiration
Lipid peroxidation (malondialdhyde)
catalase
peroxidase
S.
DESOUKY
desouky_alazhar@yahoo.com
1
Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
BIODEGRADATION OF SOME HYDROCARBONS IN SUEZ GULF PETROLEUM CRUDE OIL BY FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM
Among fifty fungal isolates were isolated from crude oil polluted soil samples collected from different localities in Upper Egypt (Assuit), Fusarium oxysporum C61 was selected for crude oil biodegradation due to of its high metabolic activity. The identification process of fungal genera and species resulted in fifty fungal isolates belonging to twenty six genera presented as follows: ten strains of Aspergillus, nine strains of Penicillium and one strain of Absidia, Cunninghamella, Eupenicillium, Fusarium, Nectria, Phoma and Syncephallastrum. The influence of various, pH values, nitrogen sources, phosphrous sources, amino acids and vitamins were investigated to obtain optimal crude oil biodegradation. The results were found to be, pH 8, sodium nitrate, ammonium phosphate, phenylalanine, and vitamin B1, respectively. The chemical compositions of the residual crude oil were analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The ability of fungal isolates to degrade crude oil as sole carbon and energy source under all optimal conditions reveled changes in some components of crude oil (not shown). Analysis of hydrocarbon components of the crude oil substrate left after the growth of F. oxysporium (referred to as residual crude oil) resulted in the presence of tridecanes, pentadecanes, hexadecanes, and dodecanese in reaction products, which brought about greater reduction in peak of crude oil components, relative to those of the control (undegraded).
https://absb.journals.ekb.eg/article_10859_e55805d9289595c5eeeccef5f221804f.pdf
2008-12-01
13
27
10.21608/absb.2008.10859
Petroleum crude oil
biodegradation
Hydrocarbons
Fusarium oxysporium
M.
AFIFI
sirag@tedata.net.eg
1
Botany and Microbiology Dept., Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt.
LEAD_AUTHOR
R.
BAYOUMI
2
Botany and Microbiology Dept., Faculty of Science (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
STUDIES INCLUDING TOLERANCE, AFFINITY AND CAPACITY OF CERTAIN FUNGAL SPECIES FOR SOME TOXIC ELEMENTS IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION
Some fungal species isolated from the soil of the radioactive repository site at HotLaboratoriesCenter were investigated for their tolerance, affinity and capacity towards different metal ions namely; Cerium Ce(III), Chromium Cr(VI), Cobalt Co(II), and Cadmium Cd(II). They were identified as Aspergillus tamarii, Aspergillus niger, Penicellium chrysogenum, Cunninghamella elegans and Rhizopus stolonifer. The obtained results showed that, the lowest concentration of metal ion could be tolerated by fungal species was 50ppm for Co(II) & Cd(II) , while the highest one was 2000ppm for Cr(VI) & Ce(III). Also, tolerance towards mixture of ions was varied among the fungi under study. The affinity of the fungal species of study for metal ions under investigation was found to have the following order; Ce(III)>Cd(II)>Co(II)>Cr(VI). Results showed that Aspergillus niger had high capacity for Ce(III) ions uptake, while Cunninghamella elegans had high capacity for Co(II) ionsuptake. The effects of chemical and physical pretreatments of fungal biomass on the uptake capacity were studied using Aspergillus niger & Ce(III). The uptake of Ce(III) by Aspergillus niger was studied using different concentrations of Ce(III). It was found that one gram dry weight of Aspergillus niger could accumulate 285.7 ± 16.9, 571.43 ± 23.9 and 1142.86 ± 33.8 mg of Ce(III) from 50, 100 and 200 ppm solutions, respectively.
https://absb.journals.ekb.eg/article_10863_8b4b375da6c1f78323b2ccec96705c8e.pdf
2008-12-01
29
40
10.21608/absb.2008.10863
tolerance
FUNGAL
TOXIC ELEMENTS
A.
ABDEL-RAZEK
1
Hot Laboratories and Waste Management Center, Atomic Energy Authority.
LEAD_AUTHOR
S.
MAHMOUD
2
Hot Laboratories and Waste Management Center, Atomic Energy Authority.
AUTHOR
H.
EL-SHEIKH
3
Department of Botany & Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University.
AUTHOR
T.
ABDEL-GHANY
4
Department of Botany & Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University.
AUTHOR
M.
MAHMOUD
5
Hot Laboratories and Waste Management Center, Atomic Energy Authority.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
PURIFICATION AND EXTRACTION OF POLYSACCHARIDE SPECIFIC OF STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES OF GROUP A FIXING ON LATEX PARTICLES
The Streptococci are widely distributed in nature and frequently form part of the normal human flora which are members. Approximately 5-15% of humans carry Streptococcus pyogenes. Cytoplasmic membrane has antigens similar to those of human cardiac and heart valve fibroblasts. Patients may also develop immune- mediated such as acute rheumatic fever skin infections and endocarditis. S. pyogenes evolved anenzyme that specifically target IgG use as biochemical reactions, and serologic specificity. Serologic grouping is based on antigenic differences in cell wall carbohydrates (groupA). A technique for detection of antibodies against S. pyogenesgroup antigen / type antigens is being devised as one of the procedures possibly useable in prevention of infections and manufacturers in development of diagnostic and identification tools. Method used for detection of antibodies ( latex agglutination ) are being standardised with antibody levels has been introduced. The detection of antibodies induced by conjugated is under development for antibiotic resistance of Streptococcus pyogenes prepared and provided freeze-dried reference type cultures of Streptococci. The stability of the obtained component subjected at 4 °C and 37 °C over one period to reveal several groups of serum representing healthy population ( N = 20 ) and patients ( N = 40 ) as a significant correlation for the diagnostic of acute rheumatic arthritis. We have shownthat the total amount of specific antibodies does not necessary correlate with the level of neutralizing antibodies, and antibody quality might be clinically more important than antibodyquantity
https://absb.journals.ekb.eg/article_10867_23fe060455640465f8a4a220388759e4.pdf
2008-12-01
41
54
10.21608/absb.2008.10867
Extraction
Polysaccharide
PYOGENES
LATEX PARTICLES
AHMED
ATIA
1
Natural Products Dept., National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt.
LEAD_AUTHOR
HUSSEIN
EL-KABBANI
2
Health Radiation Research Dept., National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt.
AUTHOR